Issue 61 Vol III, April 15, 2008

L I T E R A T U R E

Jalaluddin Rumi and his Journey from Persia to Hollywood
Satya Paul Anand

AFTER centuries of enthralling the Muslim world, Jalaluddin Rumi has arrived in the United States. What is it about the Sufi poet that charms Americans?

Christopher Columbus was discovering America about the time that Jalaluddin Rumi’s Sufi poetry was captivating Persia and the whole Muslim world. It had taken just over 200 years for his words to spread through the Middle East. The question for me is: Why did it take so many more centuries for Rumi to reach America?

Better late than never. The news is that now, in the 21st century, Rumi has finally arrived in the United States to a great welcome. The obvious reason for such a reception is that he has influenced Hollywood, which is the gateway to American popularity for a poet, artist, actor, dancer or singer.

When the India-born pop guru Dr. Deepak Chopra, now based in Southern California, rendered some of Rumi’s poetry into American English a few years ago, he ushered in an aesthetic and spiritual revolution of sorts. Chopra, who preaches a pop version of yoga and spiritual enlightenment, prepared a CD of a selection of Rumi’s translated works with help from some of the best musical talents in Hollywood. That top-notch music attracted several producers, actors, actresses, models and executives to Rumi’s work. Chopra had already been popular among these people.

The CD is aptly titled Gift of Love and the message is close to the heart of Chopra, a physician of Punjabi extraction.

Among those who have cooperated with Chopra on the CD are composer Philip Glass, the singer Madonna, and actors Martin Sheen, Goldie Hawn and Demi Moore.

Now, after so many centuries, what makes Rumi still so vibrant? Like Shams Tabrez, his mentor, Rumi was a poet and considered a Sufi saint. So, what truck does he have with Hollywood’s millionaire actors and directors? The fact is that when Edward Fitzgerald translated the Rubaiyat of Persian poet Omar Khayyam, he inadvertently laid the foundations of a misconception that endures today. That misconception was: the entire poetic tradition of Arabia and Persia was about wine, women, feminine charm and male infatuation. Before that, when the tales of Alf Laila (Arabian Nights) and an Urdu epic, Amir Hamza, were translated into English, the impression created was that the Middle East offered nothing but decadent opulence, and its literature was largely focused on sensual gratification as exemplified in the dictum of Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty in what is today’s India, Pakistan and Bangladesh: “O Babur, enjoy the pleasures of life as there will be no afterlife.”

In 1995, Coleman Barks, a professor at the University of Georgia, translated the quartets and ghazals of Rumi into English and published them as The Essential Rumi. However, Barks was not the first American scholar to dabble with Rumi.

He has written about the day when the American poet Robert Bly visited him. Bly was carrying a moth-eaten book, a 19th-century translation of Rumi’s ghazals and quartets. Bly grabbed Barks by his shoulders and made him sit in a chair, saying: “As long as I keep reading from this book, don’t get up from here.”

“How could I get up from the chair? As long as Bly kept reading from the book, I sat listening to him, hypnotized,” Barks wrote, describing the event years later. And then Bly virtually commanded him: “These words are fluttering inside a cage. Set them free.”

The Essential Rumi was born in 1995. After selling thousands of copies, the book has spawned dozens of Web sites where Rumi aficionados can order a copy online. One learns new facts about Rumi every day from magazines, newspapers and newsletters. Nigel Watts’ book The Way of Love is another step toward introducing Rumi to a larger audience.

So, what is it about Rumi that charms North Americans? Nowadays, I live in Cambridge, a suburb of the Canadian city, Toronto. That is why when I came to learn from an advertisement in a newspaper that a musical show on Rumi was to be presented at the Roy Thomson Hall, I bought a $25 ticket. The show was strangely called “Monsters of Grace.” The title seemed to be a contradiction in terms, an oxymoron. Monsters and grace seemed to belong to two different worlds. Composer Philip Glass and Robert Wilson graced the occasion. Being a columnist of an English weekly and an Urdu poet made it easier for me to access and chat with them. I was told that the ghazals and quartets being performed were taken from The Essential Rumi.

The first rendition was called “Where Everything is Music,” which was set against a three-dimensional image of an endless Arabian desert. It was sung in the lyrical style of Urdu poetry in a collage of the Persian and English languages. At the end of the show, I asked some people, “Do you know Sufism?” Their flat answer was, “No.” I asked, “Then what brought you here?” Their answer was, “Poetry and music. Gosh, how great people lived in the 13th century!”

Now all that has been compiled into an album. Many of the songs are sung to the accompaniment of a single-stringed instrument called the ektara in the Indian subcontinent. This also happens to be the quintessential Middle Eastern musical instrument. You feel as if old, primeval memories of the boundless desert’s nomadic life buried in our collective subconscious have come to life. If I say that I was transported to another world sitting in the theater, I would not be exaggerating. The opening lines of My heart is burning with love.

All can see its flames. Sung in a haunting voice, can send one into a trance.

It begins like a whispered chant, rises to a crescendo, and tapers off through the voices of Madonna, Hawn and Sheen, dissolving finally into silence. In turn, singers present it solo and in duet, sustaining the magic for nearly an hour. I had seen Indian instruments like the sitar, ektara, bansuri and harmonium behind the stage. During the show, I could discern their notes.

Later, Chopra said in an interview that he had not made a literal translation of Rumi in his presentation but used corresponding moods for the original text.

Newsweek magazine’s review called it “Love Machine.” Love signifying the whole range, from a sublime devotion to God to carnal desire and its fulfillment, the review’s title (and the review itself) was a comprehensive comment on it.

Satya Paul Anand is an Urdu poet and writer based near Toronto, Canada. He is an alumnus of Government College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Courtesy SPAN

BACK

Review
The Seduction and Betrayal of Cat Whiskers

LITERARY history tells of genial satires that aim at laughing away the imperfections of the world. Cervantes, for instance, with his Don Quixote, is said to have smiled away the follies of Spain. Going back further in time, we know of Horace and Juvenal who used the satiric vein to critique the ills of their times, the former in harsh, biting attacks, and the latter using a mild, genial satire.

The object was the same – to present a dystopia in order to explore the possibilities of an alternative.

The Seduction and Betrayal of Cat Whiskers, winding in and out through the corridors of an institution of higher learning, uses the comic lens to look at some of the flaws in the academia.

What happens, for instance, behind the scenes in a major university? Who are the power brokers? What are the politics that operate in the system and at what different levels? How are appointments and promotions made? Is there any fair-play or justice? These are some of the questions raised in this play. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the problems highlighted here are found on almost all campuses, in India and abroad.

It an interesting satire of what goes in our institutions of learning; small and big, famous and not so famous. Jaidka knows as an insider and weaves and interesting tale through her dramatic persona. We should expect more from her pen.

Howard R. Wolf, Emeritus Professor and Senior Fellow Department of English, The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNYAB) is indeed enchanted by this short play. He writes, "Manju Jaidka's The Seduction and Betrayal of Cat Whiskers captures the essence of contemporary academic life, exposing what goes on behind the scenes. Good comedy crosses borders; hers travels well. It will delight audiences in Chandigarh, Chicago, New York, New Delhi, and elsewhere."

[Writer,  Manju Jaidka, Published by Graphit India, Chandigarh]

Jaidka is professor of English at the Panjab University , Chandigarh. she  is engaged in academics since 1974 and  is recipient of a Fulbright Postdoctoral Award from the USEFI (1991-92), a resident fellowship from the Rockefeller Bellagio Center in Italy (1994), a Fellowship from the Salzburg Center in Austria (1996), a Visiting Professorship at the University of Iowa (1998-99), and a Text Book Award from the University Grants Commission in India (1994).

BACK